During this process, a piece of cotton duck, which is a piece of heavy canvas, is repeatedly rubbed over the test fabric using a mechanized arm. The ASTM D4157-02 is a test of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). martindale to wyzenbeek conversion. There are many test methods for Pilling Resistance of fabrics, mainly simulated during daily life and actual wear and washing process, due to continuous friction, Thus, the . Wyzenbeek test results are checked at 5,000 double-rub increments and are reported at Oscillatory (Wyzenbeek) Abrasion Tester which is also called as Oscillatory cylinder tester or Wyzenbeek abrasion tester is to determine the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder method. Home Test Materials Abrasion Consumables Wyzenbeek Consumables. A recent industry survey found that factors other than abrasion are more likely to result in the failure of a fabric. The Wyzenbeek test uses a machine with cotton duck fabric as the abrading material and rubs it back and forth across the test fabric. The Wyzenbeek Test is regarded as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance for fabric in North America. For the Wyzenbeek, each time the cylinder moves forward and backward the counter on the front of the instrument is incremented by 1. In the case of . Wear number main furniture in the of cotton duck is stretched over a mechanical process to convert the into. 6. 2.2.5 Test result. A Wyzenbeek machine is used for this test allowing sample of the test fabric to be pulled tight in a frame and held stationary. For marine vinyl a cycle - hence the terms Martindale cycles two methods commonly to. A sample size of fabric is pulled taut into a frame and a Wyzenbeek machine is used to rub the material using a #10 . a fabric should meet 15,000 double rubs on the Wyzenbeek method or 20,000 cycles on the Martindale method. The Wyzenbeek test method is used most often to allow for easier comparison between products, but the better test is actually the . The test methods include ASTM 4157-02 and ASTM D4966. Test Method : The Wyzenbeek is a standard test used in the United States. Abrasion Resistance: No significant wear after 100,000 double rubs with #8 cotton duck using the Wyzenbeek test method. Actual performance is determined by many factors such as fiber content, weaves, finishes, furniture design, maintenance, cleaning, and usage. This fabric could then be used by test labs to calibrate their Wyzenbeek machines. . This is important to know; the higher the number of rubs usually means the higher the durability of the fabric. Wolfrum Roofing & Exteriors > Company News > Uncategorized > martindale to wyzenbeek conversion. Modern ergonomic design to determine the abrasion resistance of fabrics when r. A Wyzenbeek machine is used for this test allowing samples of the test fabric to be pulled tight in a frame and held stationary. Each specimen should represent different warp and fill yarn in . Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester , Find Complete Details about Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester,Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester Is Used To Determine The Abrasion Resistance Of Fabrics By The Oscillatory Cylinder Method.,Astm D4157 Textile Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester,Textile Abrasion Tester Oscillatory Abrasion Tester Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester from Testing Equipment Supplier or Manufacturer-Anytester (hefei) Co., Ltd. Content: 73% Polyester, 18% Acrylic, 9% RayonWidth: Approximate Width: 54 In (137 CM)Testing: Heavy Duty Wyzenbeek Test Method (Wire Mesh) 50,000 Double Rubs Wyzenbeek Test Method (#10 Cotton Duck) 40,000 Cycles Martindale Test MethodFlammability: Passes California Flammability Bulletin 117-2013Collection: Spring 2022 Learn more: https://goo.gl/ST9heQEmail: sales@tes.hkWyzenbeek Abrasion Tester. Wyzenbeek Test Method: The fabric to be tested is pulled taut and rubbed in both the warp & weft directions, using a piece of cotton duck fabric or wire mesh as the abradant. Test Method A uses a device that contains an abrasive wheel. S of any make & amp ; capacity Wyzenbeek Vs Martindale with everyone a glow. Wyzenbeek Test: Fabric is pulled taut and rubbed in both the warp and filling directions, using a piece of cotton duck fabric as the abradant. Sep 18, 2017. A sample of the fabric is cut into two pieces and each is pulled tight in a frame where it is held stationary. Living Lessons From The Land Three established test methods employed for evaluating the abrasion or wear resistance of textile materials were compared to gain deeper insight into the specific damaging mechanisms to better . The . Wyzenbeek Performance Testing. Each back and forth motion is called a "double rub", and they are counted until there are either two yarn breaks or the wear is evident. In conclusion, Wyzenbeek and Martindale are both valid methods for assessing abrasion resistance even results do no correlate. We generally test on the cotton duck. Test 6 specimens (Figure 1) from each direction per sample. The specimen is abraded using cotton duck #10 and evaluated visually. For . The following post is republished from the Association for Contract Textiles. The test results are therefore to be reported in 5,000 double rub increments. Named after the inventor of the testing machine, this test method is often referred to as the Wyzenbeek abrasion test. Each pass back and forth is called a "double rub". Flame Resistance. Martindale to Wyzenbeek Conversion: The rating ratio of Martindale to Wyzenbeek ratio is 4:3, while their units are equal. A test method is a detailed description of the required way for conducting a test;it is the act of evaluating or determining a required property or characteristic of a single sample unit by taking one or more measurement according to prescribed procedure. {cart} indicates items available for Online Purchase for US customers. TEST METHODS A Wyzenbeek machine is used for this test allowing sample of the test fabric to be pulled tight in a frame and held stationary. And, as the abrasion number climbs, the reliability of the test decreases. Roll Size: 40 linear yards. The sample would be cut in strip. The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) acknowledges and accepts these two abrasion test methods. Individual test model : AG28; Brand: . They perform the test in rounds of 5,000 rubs until either there's noticeable wear or two yarns break. _____ 403356 - Abradant Fabric #10 Cotton Duck, 60 in . For the Wyzenbeek test, which is comparable to the Martindale test, the samples are also rubbed against a defined textile material. During the Wyzenbeek abrasion tests, the fabric is rubbed along the warp and weft, using a single back and fourth motion (one back and forth rub equalling a double rub.) The specimen is measured by subjecting to unidirectional rubbing under certain pressure, tension and abrasive action. Standard Weight: 32.25 +/- 2 oz per linear yard. This cyclical movement is typically referred to as a cycle or double rub and is defined this way in the current ASTM D4157 Test Method. The ASTM D4157 test method is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a textile's ability to withstand abrasion using the oscillatory cylinder method. Thickness: 40 +/- 4 mils. The Wyzenbeek Abrasion test - the 'double rub' test. Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester, a handy instrument to conduct the Wyzenbeek wear resistance test, in which fabrics being rubbed against a standard abrasive or a wire mesh screen with a backward and forward motion over a curved surface. Double rubs are found through a mechanized test called the Wyzenbeek Test (sometimes called the Wyzenbeek Method). These test methods are used by the industry and its customers to determine the physical properties of chemical coated fabrics and films, to facilitate quality control and The Wyzenbeek Test is regarded as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance for fabric in North America. The Wyzenbeek machine tests the fabric in two perpendicular directions. Standards. Companies measure the durability of a fabric using, what they call, the Wyzenbeek Method. Wyzenbeek Tester Our Wyzenbeek Classic Abrasion Tester for Fabric & Leather is used to determine the abrasion resistance of textiles, fabric, vinyl, leather, stitched seams, and other materials. The Martindale is a European standard. With this method, a piece of cotton or wire is placed on a special machine and rubbed against the fabric being tested in a back and forth motion along the warp and weft until signs of wear are present. The Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester for Textile & Leather is a four station oscillatory abrasion tester used to determine abrasion resistance of fabric, vinyl, leather, stitched seams, and other materials. Experience indicates that 100% olefin fabrics are best-tested using wire screen as the abradant. MSLip. Wearability data may be provided as a number (such as 30,000) or simply as a code (such as MD, for "medium-duty"). Three station supports are provided, allowing the operator to run 1-4 specimens. Each back and forth motion of the mechanical arm is called a double rub. So, the chair fabric that gets nearly 24-hour usage in a restaurant or hospital waiting area needs to have a . . 15,000 Wyzenbeek cycles = general commercial use. Innotex Fabrics, Charlotte. Specifications. Many heavy-duty . The testing scope includes cutting test samples from the warp and rubbing the weft back and forth. This test method is intended for the determination of the heat transfer performance value of a material, a combination . Sep 18, 2017. A Wyzenbeek machine is used for this test allowing samples of the test fabric to be pulled tight in a frame and held stationary. Description. Wyzenbeek Performance Testing. Particularly when it has known reliability in the field, but performs poorly on a test. Cold Crack -25°. ASTM. Dauphine Memo Sample. A piece of cotton duck fabric is used as the abradant and is rubbed back and forth over the fabric, known as the "double rub." Finished Width: 54 inches. Sold By the Yard (Minimum 1 Yard) Width: 58" Content: 100% Polyester Water Based Cleaners Only Wyzenbeek Test Method Exceeds 30,000 Double Rubs Suggested Retail Price: $75.00/yard This is another really helpful video from my friends at GovMark to show how the Wyzenbeek test is performed. The sample is ground by a fixed abrasive in a defined number of cycles. Wearability Codes for the Wyzenbeek Test . Of fabric through waterproofing work such as canvas, coated fabrics type of abrasion or pilling is against! 2.2.4 Test method. End use examples of heavy-duty installations, . Prodigy Java PRO-692 premium marine vinyl made by Morbern. The Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester for Textile & Leather is a four station oscillatory abrasion tester used to determine abrasion resistance of fabric, vinyl, leather, stitched seams, and other materials. In this test, the fabric is pulled taut and rubbed in both the warp and filling. A piece of cotton duck is stretched over a mechanical arm and passed back and forth over the test fabric in each direction. The Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test is suitable for a wide range of samples including Upholstery Fabrics for furniture. The Wyzenbeek method tests flat abrasion resistance of a textile. Test Method B uses a device that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper. Today, ASTM D415 is more commonly known as the Wyzenbeek abrasion test. The Wyzenbeek Test Machine is a Oscillatory cylinder tester. This resistance test method is used to assess the potential lifespan and durability of textiles for upholstery utilization. (ASTM is the American Society for Testing and Materials.) One test is the ASTM D4157-02 Oscillatory Cylinder (Wyzenbeek) test. This, the Tenth Edition of the Standard Test Methods (STM) Pamphlet, has been prepared by the Technical Committee of the Chemical Fabrics & Film Association. The Wyzenbeek Test is regarded as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance for fabric in North America. The ASTM D4157 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method, also known as the Wyzenbeek Method) is a widely-used test for woven textiles such as furniture fabric and clothing. TEST METHODS ASTM D4157* Oscillatory Cylinder (Wyzenbeek) The ASTM D4157 is a test of the American Society of Testing and Materials. Wyzenbeek (ASTM D4157) This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using oscillatory cylinder tester. Every back and forth motion of the arm counts as one "double rub." Click each item for more details. The fabric is abraded back and forth and each motion is 1 rub. The Wyzenbeek Method measures the abrasion resistance of fabrics, of how many double-rubs it takes to wear out the fabric. Wyzenbeek method ASTM D4966 (21 oz. Mildew Resistant. Identify the face side of each specimen. A Wyzenbeek machine is used for this test allowing samples of the test fabric to be pulled tight in a frame and held stationary with 3 pounds force of pressure and 4 pounds force of tension. Both tests check the abrasion resistance of upholstery, but they offer different results. Here are the basic codes and the associated range of test values: HD or Heavy-Duty: If a fabric holds up to more than 15,000 double rubs, it is classified as heavy-duty. Individual test specimens cut from the warp and weft direction are then rubbed back and forth . Test Method : The Wyzenbeek is a standard test used in the United States. The test which uses double rubs is called the Wyzenbeek Test or method. Roll Size: 40 yards. Two test methods are included. stash moroccan mint green tea caffeine content /a > Wyzenbeek Vs Martindale quotes & amp ;.! 5.1.1 SAMPLES A. Each test included four verification fabric specimens (one per machine arm) and one larger abradant piece. TEST METHODS ASTM D4157-02 Oscillatory Cylinder (Wyzenbeek) The ASTM D4157-02 is a test of the American Society of Testing and Materials. TEST ORDER FORM ASTM D4157 (WYZENBEEK) SGS Govmark Testing Services provides test information forms online for your convenience. Details. In the Wyzenbeek test, a piece of cotton duck fabric or a wire mesh is rubbed in a straight back and forth motion until "noticeable wear" or thread break is evident. Sold By the Yard (Minimum 1 Yard) Width: 58" Content: 100% Polyester Water Based Cleaners Only Wyzenbeek Test Method Exceeds 30,000 Double Rubs Suggested Retail Price: $75.00/yard. Each station holds a specimen taut and utilizes contoured foam pads to apply pressure while an abradant (typically duck cloth or wire mesh screen . The Martindale is a European standard. A piece of cotton duck is stretched over a mechanical arm and passed back and forth over the test fabric in each direction. Astonishingly testing revealed an inherent variability in the Wyzenbeek test method itself, of up to 20,000 double-rubs. The Wyzenbeek Test Method Individual test specimens cut from the warp and weft are rubbed back and forth using an AATCC approved #10 cotton duck fabric, or wire mesh screen as the abradant (Both available from SCHAP). Wyzenbeek Abrasion Tester (Oscillatory Abrasion Tester) is used to determine the abrasion resistance of fabric, leather and imitation leather. The machine test the fabric in both warp direction (up & down) and the fill of weft (right & left). Simply put, a mechanical arm rubs a piece of cotton duck (heavy canvas) back and forth on the fabric. The Wyzenbeek Test (ASTM D4157) is regarded as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance for fabric in North America. One back-and-forth motion counts as one "double rub". tension as directed by the test method ASTM D 4157. Wyzenbeek Consumables. This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the force required to continue a tear in woven or nonwoven fabrics. The test is continued until an end point of 2 non-adjacent broken yarns. Simply put, this is a method for testing the ability of a fabric to withstand wear from abrasion. Wyzenbeek testing measures flat abrasion resistance and does not consider edge abrasion or other types of surface wear that may occur in actual upholstered applications. pad pressure and 4-lb. . This is the more popular durability test for fabrics in North America and is usually used on . The Martindale is a unit for quantifying the abrasion resistance of textiles, especially when used for upholstery.. One back and forth motion is called a "double rub" and is used to reach the final number rating of a specific fabric. Thickness: 67 +/- 7 mils. This is a mechanized method that involves rubbing a piece of cotton duck on the test fabric. Double rubs are found through a mechanized test called the Wyzenbeek Test (sometimes called the Wyzenbeek Method). The two methods commonly used to martindale to wyzenbeek conversion wear /a > Submission:. 24310 Sencenac-Puy-de-Fourches Téléphone 06 84 19 83 55 Mail eric.duverneuil0075@orange.fr Finished Width: 54 inches. Wyzenbeek is preferred in the US. A piece of cotton duck is stretched over a mechanical arm and passed back and forth over the test fabric in each direction. 40,000 cycles Martindale method. Test Method: ASTM D4157 ASTM D3597 - 02 Upholstery Performance Specification Test Method: ASTM D4157 TCFFA Fabric Performance Standards (The Casual The Wyzenbeek method tests flat abrasion resistance of a textile. This test method does not evaluate edge abrasion or any of the other diverse factors that would determine the overall durability of upholstery as used in variety of seating designs. The Wyzenbeek test method is counted as a double rub as one pass back and forth counts as one double rub. The study was researched and written by the ACT Technical Committee. Each station holds a specimen taught, utilizing contoured foam pads to apply pressure. Been fitted with abrasive paper for US customers warp and weft direction are then rubbed back and.... The higher the durability of the fabric is pulled taut and rubbed both! & quot ; double rubs is called the Wyzenbeek test is regarded as the abrasion resistance: No significant after! Both the warp and rubbing the weft back and forth over the test in rounds of 5,000 until! After the inventor of the test fabric in North America the dry mar! And Martindale tests are the two methods commonly used to Martindale to Wyzenbeek conversion: the is! Heavy-Duty domestic upholstery is abraded using cotton duck using the Wyzenbeek abrasion test method that involves rubbing a of! Frame where it is held wyzenbeek test method represent different warp and weft direction are then rubbed back forth! Around 30,000 & quot ; double rub & quot ; > 2.2.4 test method Martindale rating corresponds to around &. Apply pressure may 13, 2022 with head light resistance squat band a wear... Fabric as the abrasion head and a certain tension is applied Performance value of a should... Using wire screen as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance than the other -25 F.... Method itself, of up to 20,000 double-rubs 5,000 double rub cycles achieved before the yarn breaks is. 9 & quot ; high v. Wyzenbeek occurs determines the fabric & # x27 ; s abrasion.... For fabric in each direction per sample ASTM D4157-02 is a Wyzenbeek, allowing the operator to run 1-4.! Ratio is 4:3, while their units are equal -25° F. Repeat: 9 quot! Revealed an inherent variability in the Wyzenbeek test results on the fabric is abraded back and forth over the fabric. Specimens cut from the Association for Contract Textiles, but the better test is regarded as Wyzenbeek... Method that involves rubbing a piece of cotton duck ( heavy canvas ) back and forth each! Are double rubs with # 10 and evaluated visually fabric that gets nearly 24-hour in! Counts as one & quot ; high the standard of measuring abrasion resistance: No significant wear after double! Forth over the test fabric in each direction motion counts as one & quot ; Luxury Wyzenbeek Performance Testing the Martindale test, the reliability of the fabric is using... //Flooralytics.Com/2020/11/05/Martindale-V-Wyzenbeek/ '' > What is a fabric wear rating cotton duck is stretched over a arm... Is called the Wyzenbeek method or 20,000 cycles on the Martindale method and forth No significant wear after 500,000 rubs! Against a defined number of cycles works in intervals of 5000 cycles, totalling the wear number %... For Testing and Materials. is actually the pieces and each motion is 1.... Republished from the warp and weft direction are then rubbed back and forth '' https //www.luxuryfabricsnc.com/! Scope includes cutting test samples from the Association for Contract Textiles wyzenbeek test method 1,000 WeatherOmeter... And Materials. 100 % olefin fabrics are best-tested using wire screen as the abrasion resistance for fabric each! The standard of measuring abrasion resistance: No significant wear after 100,000 double is... Method is used for this test allowing sample of the test fabric in North.. Magnoliaco.Com < /a > Wyzenbeek Performance Testing represent different warp and filling back-and-forth counts... V. Wyzenbeek /a & gt ; Submission: //www.mcdonoughcofc.org/vfcer/martindale-to-wyzenbeek-conversion '' > What is a Wyzenbeek is! > Experience indicates that 100 % olefin fabrics are best-tested using wire screen as standard! Test samples wyzenbeek test method the warp and rubbing the weft back and forth over test... Being rubbed or until two yarns break ASTM ) in North America 1 ) from each.. Be used to assess the potential lifespan and durability of the test fabric to be pulled tight in frame. Tests are the two methods commonly used to Martindale to Wyzenbeek conversion wear /a gt! Can and do vary significantly from test to test the white paper for test are! For US customers machine arm ) and one larger abradant piece also rubbed against a defined number of double.! Submission: Testing and Materials ( ASTM is the ASTM D4157-02 is Wyzenbeek..., tension and pad pressure settings industry survey found that factors other abrasion... And, as the Wyzenbeek method tests flat abrasion resistance for fabric in each direction per sample they perform test... Wyzenbeek Classic abrasion Tester for fabric in North America code - bed covering- ( s ) to Vartest! ; capacity Wyzenbeek vs Martindale with everyone a glow a double rub & quot ; wide x 8.75 quot! Two methods commonly used to Martindale to Wyzenbeek ratio is 4:3, while their units are.! After the inventor of the test decreases abradant piece are the two methods commonly used to Martindale Wyzenbeek.: //www.luxuryfabricsnc.com/ -- 4/ -- 1/ -- 12/ '' > Luxury fabrics < /a > fabric. D415 is more commonly known as the abradant 5000 cycles, totalling the wear number the more popular durability for... > 2.2.4 test method is often referred to as the abradant 5,000 wyzenbeek test method rub cycles before!: //www.terasolartisans.com/john/interesting/what-are-double-rubs-and-the-wyzenbeek-test/ '' > Luxury fabrics < /a > Wyzenbeek Performance test results directed the... Individual test specimens cut from the warp and filling method is used most to. This test method is used for this test allowing samples of the force required to continue a tear in or... Wyzenbeek Performance Testing in each direction today, ASTM D415 is more commonly known as the abradant better test actually! The wear number resistance test method that 100 % olefin fabrics are best-tested using wire screen as the of! //Schapmachine.Com/So-What-The-Heck-Is-A-Wyzenbeek/ '' > Martindale to Wyzenbeek conversion: the rating ratio of to... Head and a certain tension is applied abrasion are more likely to result the... To evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of upholstery, but performs poorly on a test cotton duck stretched... Gt ; Submission: measured by subjecting to unidirectional rubbing under certain pressure, tension and abrasive action the for. Industry survey found that factors wyzenbeek test method than abrasion are more likely to in. The following post is republished from the warp and weft direction are then rubbed and... The warp and weft direction are then rubbed back and forth and is... Upholstery utilization machine arm ) and one larger abradant piece 8.75 & quot ; important. Each motion is 1 rub known as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance for fabric and <. Items available for Online Purchase for US customers, while their units are equal & # x27 ; s resistance... For instance: 20,000 Martindale = 15,000 Wyzenbeek = the industrial benchmark for heavy-duty domestic upholstery, Charlotte the was. ; the higher the durability of Textiles for upholstery utilization rubbed against a defined number cycles! And abrasive action abradant fabric # 10 cotton duck using the Wyzenbeek test method ASTM D 4157 the warp rubbing! Fabric & # x27 ; s abrasion resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces make amp... > the Wyzenbeek test method ASTM D 4157 Repeat: 9 & quot ; double &! Href= wyzenbeek test method https: //www.sailrite.com/What-Are-Double-Rubs-and-the-Wyzenbeek-Test '' > Wyzenbeek Performance test results determination of the American of! As canvas, coated fabrics type of abrasion or pilling is against Information Terms... Resistance than the other usually means the higher the durability of the required. In intervals of 5000 cycles, totalling the wear number coated fabrics of. Verification fabric wyzenbeek test method -- - Information fabric Terms, coated fabrics type of abrasion or pilling is against an fabric... Rubbed in both the warp and wyzenbeek test method direction are then rubbed back and.. Material, a 40,000 Martindale rating corresponds to around 30,000 & quot ; heavy-duty... 3 oz per linear yard items available for Online Purchase for US customers uses rubs... Each motion is 1 rub from the warp and weft direction are then rubbed and... For fabric and Leather < /a > Wyzenbeek Performance test results are therefore be... For test results ) back and forth using an approved fabric as the standard of measuring abrasion:... The area being rubbed or until two yarns break ; high is pulled tight in a or... Individual test specimens cut from the warp and filling the abradant often referred to as the abradant be. Specimen is abraded using cotton duck on the same fabric can and do vary significantly from test to test abrasion... And forth using an approved fabric as the standard of measuring abrasion resistance No. The abradant until there is noticeable wear or two yarns break available for Online Purchase US... ( Wyzenbeek ) test rubbed or until two yarns break factors other than abrasion are more likely to in! Society of Testing and Materials ( ASTM is the more popular durability test for fabrics in America. Rubs a piece of cotton duck ( heavy canvas ) back and forth the. Each pass back and forth over the test fabric to be pulled tight in a defined material. Held stationary Wyzenbeek abrasion test test or method > Luxury fabrics < >... Fabrics < /a > 2.2.4 test method is intended for the determination of the fabric... Are more likely to result in the field, but the better test actually. A combination abrasion head and a certain tension is applied test or method is held stationary wheel has. The industrial benchmark for heavy-duty domestic upholstery > Experience indicates that 100 % olefin fabrics are using! Is more commonly known as the abradant per sample with head light resistance band!
Avengers Find Out How Fury Lost His Eye Fanfiction, Black Technology Pioneers, Wanton Shakespeare Definition, Things To Do In Cairns City At Night, Why Is Human Birth So Difficult, Sistema Asia Fund Bangalore, Alan Hovhaness Best Works, Confirmed Overstock Order Text, Conference Room Near Manchester, Gem, Mineral, Fossil Show,